Managerial roles and responsibilities Coursework

Managerial roles and responsibilities - Coursework Example It is their responsibility to ensure that there is an effective flow of information in the healthcare system. They must, therefore, ensure that the equipment and design are efficient enough. A healthcare delivery CIO must be innovative and be able to design and implement the innovation process. This way, they can influence the other healthcare executives (Ball et al. (2013). When the CIO is innovative, the rest will have to follow suit in order to produce good results. A healthcare CIO has the responsibility to oversee the handling of all the data in the healthcare delivery system. This is a huge responsibility considering there is a lot of data to handle in this sector. This includes the medical care data, patient self-service applications as well as other medical uses around the hospital. CIOs are, therefore, required to work together with other stakeholders in order to be successful. Ball, et al. (2013) insist that a CIO takes into account the management of the population health, ensuring that all patients are taken care of appropriately and also in the individual level where each patient experiences an improved service delivery through IT. Additionally, A the CIO ensures that there is a reduction readmission procedure where real-time data is

Human - Religion Essay Example for Free

Human Religion Essay I really have to give credit for my religion beliefs for my search on the meaning of life. I’m a fully baptized Catholic, and a part of God’s Church. 17 years of being a Catholic and in search of the meaning of life, I have always thought it is about the Call to Holiness. My religion taught me that being a part of God’s Church is no accident, but because God wanted to share in His own blessed life, and in doing so He wanted me to desire serve Him freely by following His will. And by following his will, God will grant me eternal happiness which will lead to my salvation. All Catholics knew that God sent His son, Jesus, to set an example for us. Jesus showed the perfect example answered the call to Holiness. He showed us that we should love our neighbors as God showed His love for us; and that is what the Call to Holiness is. In search for the true meaning of life, it will take plenty of years, but for now I plan to stick with what my religion has taught me. Carl Rogers Carl Rogers emphasized focused on self-actualization. He believed that a person should develop his/her potential to the fullest, and in good condition. In doing so, the environment of a person should be inherently good. A person will only stop developing if constraints block the development. A fully developed person shows that he/she achieved the highest level of being a right fully-functioning human being. Mahatma Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi, which means â€Å"great soul,† was an ideologist during the Independent movement of India from the British. As an ideological leader he believed violence should never be an answer to fight for his people’s rights, and should never take discrimination. He also believed that harmony, truth equality exists between all religions. With these 2 influential personas, I have noticed similarities between them. They both talk about human beings having a common good inside of them. They emphasized that all humans were born good, but because of destructive  environment, they tend to turn their backs on what is right. Sources: http://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html. http://www.ask.com/question/what-were-gandhi-s-beliefs.

Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe :: essays research papers

	Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who lived to the age of eighty-two and produced more than 130 volumes of poetry, plays, letters, and science, is acknowledged to be one of the giants of world literature. His writing ranged from fairy tales, to psychological novels, to political and historical novels, and to something completely unique and different such as Faust. 	Goethe was born shortly after the death of the Pope, on August 28, 1749 in Frankfurt am Main to a middle class family. His mother had many connections because she was a daughter of the mayor. Young Goethe was brought up having a feeling of aristocracy. He had only two siblings out of the total eight who survived. One was his sister Cornelia and the other was the first born. He began writing at an early age and wrote abundantly. As C.P. Magill points out, "his writings are of daunting bulk and diversity. He is the national poet of a most industrious people and the quantity of information about him is correspondingly enormous." His poetry is of numerous styles, ranging from the Renaissance to his own times. At the age of sixteen he was sent to study law at a university, but would have more gladly read classics at another university. After ten years he was invited by Duke Karl August to come to Weimar (this city would be his actual home until his death there on March 22, 1832). He was already a good lawyer and had written the novel Werther. His work in Weimar caused him to observe the natural world around him and led him towards science. He would yet write fourteen volumes on the subject. At that time Weimar was an important city in Germany. C.P. Magill describes the time in the following passage: "Up to the early years of this century, Weimar remained a symbol of the best elements in the German cultural tradition, and a center of activity in the arts. It was, for example, in its art schools, which Walter Gropius took over in 1919 and renamed the Bauhaus, that the modern movement in architecture began. Unhappy political associations now cling around the name of Weimar, providing for pessimists the futility of the exalted humanism engendered there in the eighteenth century and reminding the more sanguine that ideals are so called because they are unattainable." Footnote: Magill, C.P., German Literature (Great Britain, Oxford University Press, 1974) 50.

How Time is expressed in Bill Viola’s ‘Room for St John of the Cross Essay

This video and sound installation by Bill Viola, ‘Room for St John of the Cross’, speaks of the concept of time in a number of different ways. It consists of a black cubicle in the centre of a darkened space. A small window reveals the interior of the cell which is a softly lit space containing only a table with a pitcher, a water glass and a video monitor. Projected behind the cell is a moving image of mountains with storm clouds accompanied by the sounds of a storm. A voice whispers in Spanish some of St John’s poetry. St John, a poet and mystic was imprisoned for 9 months in 1577 in a cell so small he could not stand within it. During his imprisonment he wrote mystical poetry concerned with transcending events and barriers in search of the Son of God, poetry that has been handed down to us in the modern day, so his poetry could be said to transcend time. The cell a three dimensional object, represents the fourth dimension, that of time, 9 months of his life. This is the period a child spends in the womb, curled and unable to stand, before birth. The mountains would perhaps represent eternity as they are so unchanging. The moving clouds show that time is passing, but the storm may signify chaos of the earliest period of creation. The clouds could also represent an ability to rise above the events of each day – which included regular beatings. The water and the light within the cell could represent the eternal life giving power of God, which St John found each day. God moved upon the face of the waters freshly each day, creating order out of the chaos in which he found his life to be. In ‘The Dark Night’ which may be one of the poems composed during this period he wrote ’all things ceased; I went out from myself, leaving my cares. ’ (as translated by Kieran Kavanaugh and Otilio Rodriguez,) Despite severe oppression, deprivations and physical difficulties, he was in ecstasy and time was forgotten. Works Cited Electronic Sources Kavanaugh K, an d Rodriguez, O. ( translators) Carmelite. com Our Saints, The Collected Works of St John of the Cross http://www. carmelite. com/saints/john/works/cn_6. q` 6th February 2008 Room for St John of the Cross 1983 http://www. sfmoma. org/espace/viola/BV05. html 6th February 2008

Autobiography of a Classroom Essay

I am a very big classroom in a well-known public school. I cater to needs of the kindergarten class of the school, accommodating I think about eighty five children, a big number isn’t it? I understand that I am the best looking room in the school as, the very small children study here. I am very attractively decorated so that the little ones like to come here every day. The room that is me – is decorated with beautiful coloured pictures. The walls are a blend of some colours I do not know the names of. The furniture that is placed in the length and breadth of the room consists of small round tables to seat four children on each table, and the chairs are also tiny. That is not all, all the furniture is a mixture of many colours. When the children come inside the class they almost fight to sit on certain chairs. That makes me understand that they like the colours and fight for their favourite colours to sit on. At the top two ends of the length of the classroom there are two bigger tables and full size chairs for the teachers to sit. Since there are so many children there are two teachers while in other classes there is only one each. I am a treat for everyone to see. My pleasure knows no bounds when everyone who comes inside the class, admires me, appreciates my get up and the colours that don me. I have the twin advantage of being the most beautiful room in the school and also having the cutest of children coming to spend their time with me. Thus, my life is full of beauty, colour, noise and laughter and at times of course also crying and howling of the children. At times some new entrants to the school come to me with their mothers and, cry as if they had come to the slaughter house to be butchered. At such moments even by heart cries for the little ones and I wonder why man makes these little children come to study if they do not want to. I of course do not know how important studies are for human children, I only feel sad seeing the children cry. My life is full of a very busy schedule though very interesting. The routine of my daily life is so busy that, I do not get any relief for quite long hours. In the morning as early as 6 a. m.two sweepers come open the lock of my room or rather me, and off they start working on me. They sweep my floor, squab it, dust each and every piece of the furniture in me. Thus, I get alerted as soon the room is unlocked. It is not even 8 a. m. when the little brats start pouring inside my body’s doors. At times they enter with so much noise that my whole body feels the rattle of it all. Their movements are so loud that now, I cannot even think of any rest. School bags get flung, tiffin boxes are strewn all about, water bottles are kept just anywhere and there is a lot of commotion all over. Soon the maid enters the room and keeps everything in order and my appearance at once improves and I look tidy and well kept. For these small ones the school hours are just three from, 8 a. m. to 11 a. m. These three hours is my duty time, and just is the time when I also get the day’s entertainment. Being a classroom for the Kindergarten children I get a great chance of hearing conversations between the teachers and the parents. Since this is the first time their children have entered school, parents devote a lot of time to talking about the school and its standards. At times I find that some parents are just too critical and, inspite of getting all the best in this school they always seem to be unhappy and dissatisfied with something or the other in the school. Such parents keep lecturing about things missing in the classroom, the school or even in the playground. When I hear such complaints, my heart sinks and I wonder if they will allow or not allow their children to come to me any more,. For such conversations I have understood that, these days parents pamper the children too much, and it seems that they can never yes, never be satisfied. I am quite surprised to see the vast difference in opinions. While on the one hand I, and also many parents think that I am very beautiful, well kept, and decorated, others of the same clan are always complaining of many defects in my appearance. This gives me a feeling of depression and I do wonder if I can do anything in the matter. After some thinking bouts, I realize that, I can do nothing to satisfy these unhappy parents. I am just here in the hands of the school authorities and stand here as and how they keep me. My working hours are just six, from 6 a. m. when sweepers enter to say 12 noon when I am locked after all children go. After my duty hours I just relax but also feel lonely. No matter what is said about me, I am thoroughly enjoying my life in the cute company of little children. Their company makes me also feel young though now I am quite old. Every summer vacation I am painted afresh, my furniture is painted, and, I am ready to welcome my little friends, new and old with a new look, new enthusiasm and renewed vigour. I pray that my life is forever allowed to remain so interesting and so relaxed. I just love all the children and teachers who come here to me, to work and play in the restricted area within my four walls.

Salt Marshes essays

Salt Marshes essays Salt marshes are coastal wetlands rich in marine life, which are covered by water at least once per month. They are found in the intertidal zones along low-energy coastlines, forming along the margins of estuaries, where freshwater from the land mixes with seawater. These marshes can be found near the Great South Bay and the Long Island Sound. The entire south shore of Long Island is considered to be a salt marsh important to the health of the marine life. Beginning in Jamaica Bay and extending to Montauk Point, Long Islands salt marches help remove toxic chemicals that are caused by pollution, thus making them a vital part of the eco-system. The Salt Marshes contain different types of grasses that grow out of the water and along the water's edge. This grass can be seen when the tide is low and is covered by water when the tide comes in. This grass helps hold the soil together by dispersing any wave energy and creating a breeding ground for many important marine animals. Also, the plants act as a natural filter, removing any chemicals that might be in the seawater. Some of the plants that are found in salt marshes are: Salt Marsh Grass or Spartina Alterniflora and Cord grass as well as reeds, sedges and golden rod. At low tide, nutrient-rich water flows from the marsh back into the sea, feeding the plankton upon which all other life depends. Peat, which is what the march is mostly made of, is very absorbent. In some areas, it limits coastal flooding by containing the water that comes in during a very high or storm-driven tide. Peat also acts as a filter, cleaning water by removing various compounds and either storing or breaking them down. The salt marsh is also an important breeding ground for many species of marine life. These animals use the marsh and its tall grasses for protection from predators. Some of the marine life is: clams, mussels, shrimp, oysters and small fishes such as killi ...

Free Essays on Philip Morris Web Site

Philip Morris USA (www.philipmorrisusa.com) is a business whose goal is to manufacture and market the best quality of tobacco products to the adults that use them. Their website has some very useful information regarding product facts, health issues, responsible marketing, and polices, practices, and positions. The website also discusses the company’s mission and values and also ways to contact them for customer service purposes. The website was developed to discuss their programs and issues and was not designed as an advertising mechanism. Phillip Morris USA begins by talking about the Product Facts. There are many brands which are a part of Philip Morris which include Marlboro, Virginia Slims, Benson & Hedges, Parliament, Alpine, and others. The product facts section provides information on ingredients in cigarettes, tar and nicotine numbers, and how they manufacture their products. Tobacco is the main ingredient in every brand of cigarette they manufacture. The typical cigarette actually contains approximately 90% tobacco in the filler portion of the cigarette. PM USA supports the fact that the government should review the use of ingredients in cigarettes, just like any other consumer product. They also believe that the FDA should be in a position to regulate do or do not increase the existing health risks of smoking, including addiction. Furthermore, the Product Facts section discusses the tar and nicotine numbers. Since no two smokers smoke the exact same way, these numbers are an approximation to how much tar and nicotine one takes in on each â€Å"puff†. These numbers are obtained by a machine in a laboratory setting and may vary considerably depending on how you smoke the cigarette. Because of this wide variation, one should not consider lights or ultra- lights to be safer than other types. In general, the more intensely the smoker inhales the cigarette, the more nicotine and tar he or she will inhale. In c... Free Essays on Philip Morris Web Site Free Essays on Philip Morris Web Site Philip Morris USA (www.philipmorrisusa.com) is a business whose goal is to manufacture and market the best quality of tobacco products to the adults that use them. Their website has some very useful information regarding product facts, health issues, responsible marketing, and polices, practices, and positions. The website also discusses the company’s mission and values and also ways to contact them for customer service purposes. The website was developed to discuss their programs and issues and was not designed as an advertising mechanism. Phillip Morris USA begins by talking about the Product Facts. There are many brands which are a part of Philip Morris which include Marlboro, Virginia Slims, Benson & Hedges, Parliament, Alpine, and others. The product facts section provides information on ingredients in cigarettes, tar and nicotine numbers, and how they manufacture their products. Tobacco is the main ingredient in every brand of cigarette they manufacture. The typical cigarette actually contains approximately 90% tobacco in the filler portion of the cigarette. PM USA supports the fact that the government should review the use of ingredients in cigarettes, just like any other consumer product. They also believe that the FDA should be in a position to regulate do or do not increase the existing health risks of smoking, including addiction. Furthermore, the Product Facts section discusses the tar and nicotine numbers. Since no two smokers smoke the exact same way, these numbers are an approximation to how much tar and nicotine one takes in on each â€Å"puff†. These numbers are obtained by a machine in a laboratory setting and may vary considerably depending on how you smoke the cigarette. Because of this wide variation, one should not consider lights or ultra- lights to be safer than other types. In general, the more intensely the smoker inhales the cigarette, the more nicotine and tar he or she will inhale. In c...

What you need to know about medical student mentors

What you need to know about medical student mentors No matter what field you’re in, mentorship is one of the most important factors in your early career. A study of private sector mentorship shows that mentorship (having junior employees develop a professional relationship with more senior employees) is a crucial way to develop employees and build leadership skills. And when you’re in a highly specialized, high-pressure field like medicine, that mentorship becomes even more valuable. What does a mentor do?Med school will teach you what you need to know about the science and practice of medicine. It teaches you the theory, the ins and outs, the blood and guts. That part doesn’t change, whether you have a mentor or not. What a medical mentor does is offer you the practical side of that knowledge- someone who’s been where you are now, showing you what it’s like to put your education into everyday use.A mentor can help you with those transitional steps between med school and full-fledged practice, talkin g you through applying for jobs, preparing for residency interviews, dealing with the stress of the job, dealing with setbacks in med school and out in the field, and helping you find your specialty. A mentor may be a cheerleader- but more importantly, he or she is someone who has your professional interests at heart and wants to help you build a successful medical career. That may involve some tough talk or recommendations that aren’t easy, but are necessary.Why you need a mentorNo one transitions from school to career without loads of questions. What do I do next? Am I doing this too early/too late? What if I fail a class? What is it going to be like once I graduate? And sure, you can probably cobble that information together from the Internet. But don’t discount the benefits that come from a face-to-face (or voice-to-voice) relationship with someone who already has that knowledge. School can feel isolating, especially as you start to make Big Deal career decisions, so having a go-to relationship where you can ask questions and get honest real-world feedback is extremely helpful.As you make choices about your future career, you want to make sure you’re making informed ones. Having a source of feedback and help can prevent you from making those decisions in a vacuum and then coming to regret them later. Having someone to say, â€Å"Look, here are some hard lessons I learned when I chose to become an internist,† is a major asset if you’re thinking about going down that path, as well.How to get startedIf you’re a med student, you can always try to match to a doctor in your field of interest to act as a mentor. But don’t discount other health professionals who can provide that essential perspective. For example, nurses are in the trenches with doctors and are responsible for providing much of the direct patient care. They can provide precious insight into what it’s like to work with patients, what you can e xpect to see every day, and how to do basic and essential procedures. They also work closely with physicians and very likely have a solid perspective on what makes a good doctor vs. a not-great doctor. If you’re looking for guidance on the practical aspects of the job, you want it from someone who does it (and does it well) day in and day out, regardless of the degree that person has.If you want someone to help you with some of the more administrative aspects of being a doctor (like passing exams, the application process, interviews), then you’ll want someone who’s been there- a physician or an administrator. Keep in mind that you’re not limited to just one mentor throughout your career; you can get super-valuable help from different people on different career aspects.Your mentor can be someone you shadow in the workplace, but don’t feel confined to that box or to your own residency program, if you’ve already started one. Your mentor could b e someone you consult on the phone or via email/chat/FaceTime/your preferred digital platform.If you’re interested in finding a mentor and role model, there’s no time like med school to get that started. That’s not to say that you can’t find one later when you’re already settled in a residency or other job and a great mentoring opportunity presents itself. But like just about all career planning, it’s best to start as early as you can. Things aren’t going to get any easier as you prepare to graduate, and this special kind of networking is best done when you have time to develop a relationship with your mentor.How to find the right mentorLike any kind of networking, the place to start is thinking about who you know already. You can ask your faculty advisor if they know anyone who might be a good fit for the kind of mentor you need. There’s also good old online research, if you’re looking for a very specific type of mentor . And if you’re feeling truly stuck on how to get the mentor-mentee process underway, the American College of Physicians (ACP) has a mentor matchmaking database that you can register to use.Know what you want in a mentor. Do you want someone with a particular research interest? Someone with specific technical expertise? Do you want to know what the everyday life is like for a thoracic surgeon? Before you start reaching out, know what you want to get out of the relationship.Make sure you’re asking the right questions. Think of it like an interview for your mentor (though obviously, be respectful of their authority in the field and the time they’re taking to speak with you). But in the course of conversation (or in email), feel free to ask them questions like how they chose their specialty, what brought them to medicine, what their own goals were when they were in your position, and what their biggest professional challenges have been. Come up with a list of quest ions in advance before you talk to your potential mentor.Keep an open mind. You may find that a potential mentor is great at talking you through exam prep, but not great at helping you find job openings. Or she can offer brilliant insight on research, but not necessarily the day-to-day questions you have. There’s no reason you can’t build relationships with different mentors for different parts of your career- and again, don’t forget to consider people who might be nurses, administrators, or other non-physicians who could bring different perspectives to your career.Once you’ve found the mentor (or mentors) of your professional dreams, make sure you take care to keep the relationship going- even after you’re no longer a student/newbie. You never know when those professional connections will come in handy. And then the day may come when you find yourself ready to take on a mentee of your own.

Guantanamo Bay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Guantanamo Bay - Essay Example The US has faced frequent attacks for holding inmates without trial and for their alleged mistreatment." (Guantanamo Bay). The United Nations has also got involved in the issue now and they have demanded for the immediate closure of this camp. The same has been strongly opposed by the US government and they have put forward that the inmates are treated very humanely in these camps and hence denying all the allegations made against the US. The camp was originally established to keep the suspected terrorists of Afghanistan. "Pentagon officials insist the US is entitled them to hold "enemy combatants" - who do not enjoy the rights of prisoners of war or US citizens accused of crimes - without charges or trial for the duration of hostilities. (Guantanamo Bay). The United nations have proofs of torture in these camps and hence they demand an immediate action by the US. The UN claim that the torture in these camps have reaches another level, the inmates are exposed to extreme temperatures and are fed through nasal tubes, the inmates are also exposed to extreme conditions produced by light and sound. ... The US soldiers slam the heads of the prisoners against the cell; many more unimaginable things are done by the US soldiers' day in and day out. "The US says interrogations are yielding useful intelligence, including some from inmates who have been detained for up to two years." (Guantanamo Bay). "The current Cuban government considers the U.S. presence in Guantnamo to be illegal and the Cuban-American Treaty to have been procured by the threat of force in violation of international law" (Guantanamo Bay). There have been enough proofs found which show that the US soldiers have crossed all the limits and hence they must immediately pull out of Cuba, else the world is likely to witness another war. Major Issues A recent article published in The Guardian claims that a former Guantanamo inmate is a present Taliban leader heading many major operations. This is very bad news for the US and for all the other countries fighting terrorism. The inmates are being treated unfairly by the US army and the same motivates the inmates to escape the Bay and avenge the unfair treatment that they got from the US army. This is a huge problem which must be sorted out as soon as possible, many more members will join Taliban in order to teach the US a lesson in other words to give them a taste of their own medicine. The world is very familiar with the way the US soldiers treated Iraqi citizens. It is not very difficult to figure out why the inmates are turning against the US and joining dangerous groups. "The new Talibanmilitarycommander leading attacks against British troops in southernAfghanistanwas released fromGuantnamo Bay15 months ago after persuading a US military tribunal that he wanted to live a peacef ul life with his family, according to US

Improving Driver Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Improving Driver Safety - Essay Example Teens who start driving are excited about the freedom that driving gives them, and are less inclined to think seriously about safety issues. Communicating safety messages to teens can be problematic, simply because they're teenagers and may chafe at what they see as restrictions on their freedom. This means that to improve teen driving safety, education programs must deliver safety messages in ways that are specifically targeted to teens and which do not make them feel they are being 'talked down to'. Driving education programs for teenagers should be designed to stimulate interest in road safety and should clearly show them the possible consequences of unsafe driving. To help keep teens interested in the program, a range of activities should be designed that are fun and interactive while sending clear messages about the importance of road safety. Activities can include practical demonstrations which teens can take part in, and interactive film clips in which they can make choices for the characters portrayed. Educating teens on the practice of safe driving will include information on speeding, seat belts, drinking and driving, and how to handle distractions while driving.

Which Disney cartoon works best as a musical and why Essay

Which Disney cartoon works best as a musical and why - Essay Example Cartoons inspire not only youngsters but also adults because of their eye-catching and entertainment giving quality. Many such cartoon movies are made historically that are quite inspiring for the viewers and Disney can be categorized as the most influential production company for making quality cartoon movies for the viewers. Walt Disney has created many such cartoon movies that have taken fairy tales as their stories. The cartoon movies, which take inspiration from fairy tales and use that content, are very liked because of their dream like qualities. In addition to the dream like quality, the cartoon movies also make use of songs that are quite stimulating for the audience. Walt Disney has produced many musical cartoon movies, which has gained appreciation from audience on the basis of their quality production and musical songs. Sleeping Beauty is one such musical cartoon movie produced by Walt Disney Pictures, which contains all the qualities of being the best among many other ca rtoon movies. According to my opinion, Sleeping Beauty is the best Disney cartoon movie and works best as a musical. In this paper, the cartoon movie Sleeping Beauty will be analyzed as to why it works as the best musical movie.

Finance and Accounting Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Finance and Accounting Homework - Essay Example Cost is a crucial aspect, and it facilitates realization of defined results in verifiable and objective amount. The matching of this accounting concept is usually facilitated in order to ensure that there is an accomplishment of radical goals within the depreciation expense parameters. Lump sum purchases should be treated in a way that plant’s asset useful life is well analyzed in a way that reflects all the revenues imperatively in the income statement (Tsuji & Fujibayashi, 2011). Purchases that the organization exercises should be subjected in going concern assumption. This is in order to ensure that there is attainment and realization of integral goals as per the laid down accounting and finance principles and policies in the organization. Revenue recognition principle in many scenarios usually limits an organization from reflecting on mechanisms of holding any asset from the plant. Cost principle should be differentiated in various ways in accordance to the equipments in t he organization (Tsuji & Fujibayashi, 2011). 2 Factoring is an important approach in every organization cash flow spheres. Company management can opt to sell all its accounts receivable to the third party at a discounted manner for the sake of exchanging money. The third party in this case is usually any financial institution or bank. The third party which purchases all accounts receivable has to remain significant and resourceful in order for all the transactions to be viable and beneficial. Receivable factoring has been posited as a simple commercial financing (Khazeh & Winder, 2006). When a company chooses a given option the management needs to articulate on analysis of the important factor. There are various factors that should be reviewed routinely accounts receivables. Accounts receivable needs to articulate on measures on how a company can convert cash on hand. Most business entrepreneurs have business ideas that turn accounts receivables into cash (Khazeh & Winder, 2006). Th ere are various types of reasons through which company implements receivables in its accounting books. Therefore, it is usually looked as an effective asset to investors and investors. Organizations articulate on ways through which accounts receivables can be converted into cash without causing problems to business progress. Organizations have been articulating on various types of conversion that are used for implemented balance sheet. Managers in these organizations always analyze receivables in comparison with small business owners (Khazeh & Winder, 2006). 3 A contingent liability has been a potential liability, and it wholly depends on a future event that occurs. In accounting and finance, a contingent liability and loss are usually recorded through the use of journal entry approach especially where contingency is estimated and probable. There are three examples of contingent liabilities known as the lawsuits that are filed against a company, warranty of the organization and guar antee of another party’s loan (Colquitt, McCullough & Sommer, 2011). Circumstances whereby a liability and also related contingency are possible (not probable) a journal entry for the event is usually not required. Disclosure is not required in this case scenario. In approaches whereby a contingent liability has been proved to be remote, both the disclosure and the journal are not required in the accounting activity. A

Media Ethics and Violence in Media. The Effect of Media on the Public Essay

Media Ethics and Violence in Media. The Effect of Media on the Public - Essay Example The author claims that children who are more influenced by television and media has a general tendency to imitate behaviors seen in media .The article states that this kind of social behavior aggravate the violence among children and lead to chaos in society So I agree with the article and believe that the media should follow ethical standard and should broadcast less violent information in order to avoid imitation of criminal behavior among public especially children. The article states that the tendency to imitate among young children is high, same as in infants. This news with violent content can have a negative impact on the children as they imitate what the criminals are doing which aggravate anti – social behavior in them. The author states that studies have shown the psychological effect of crime on children and their behavior. Today, crime is an important part of the news media. The media certainly has a complex and strong influence on the society and it is their respo nsibility and obligation to follow ethical standards to protect the social security of the public. The Concept of Media Ethics Ethics in the Greek means â€Å"Ethos† and it deals with principles regarding the way in which we need to live with the â€Å"good â€Å"and understanding the distinction between right and wrong. Media ethics is a set standard of principles and laws a media professional should follow during the practice of their profession. This is particularly hard to do, when actions have to be taken quickly, as is often is the case in media. When it comes to the media, however, we don’t always know what is right. Ethical issues are not clearly new. But this issue need to be clearly reviewed and updates on regular basis. The ethical context is ever changing, creating a necessity for careful evaluation of the ethical issues that confront media professionals. The role of media is to educate and enlighten the public and for this it should follow an ethical fra mework in order to realize their full potential. The responsibility of media extends beyond the importance attached to news coverage. Ethical issue arise when the media professionals assumes a position that conflicts with the best interests of the public. Media ethics has been formulated in order to allow journalist to produce news which are fair, accurate and socially acceptable. The main motive of media ethics is to create information which is justifiable and safeguard public interest. Media ethics are formulated with an intention to safeguard the interests of public and regulate immoral action from the media professionals. The Effect of Media on the Public Within the last few decades, the popularity of media has grown exponentially due to the technological advancement and economical development. The society today largely depends on communication and information delivered by the media outlets. The daily lives of people are significantly directed by the media. A common man wakes up with the television and gets himself updated with the help of radio, internet and television regarding the latest news throughout the day. Nowadays, the most of the culture, values and beliefs of a person is molded by the media business. We get the experience of the world and perception of life from the media. We built up our knowledge on worldly facts and events with the help of newspaper and news channels. The trust that people keep on media is high and the lives of people are tied strongly to media world. Especially, the teenagers are more bonded with media as they are constantly in touch with internet and television channels. Nowadays, it is trend to see crime, obscenity and vulgarity on internet and tele

Finance and Accounting Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Finance and Accounting Homework - Essay Example Cost is a crucial aspect, and it facilitates realization of defined results in verifiable and objective amount. The matching of this accounting concept is usually facilitated in order to ensure that there is an accomplishment of radical goals within the depreciation expense parameters. Lump sum purchases should be treated in a way that plant’s asset useful life is well analyzed in a way that reflects all the revenues imperatively in the income statement (Tsuji & Fujibayashi, 2011). Purchases that the organization exercises should be subjected in going concern assumption. This is in order to ensure that there is attainment and realization of integral goals as per the laid down accounting and finance principles and policies in the organization. Revenue recognition principle in many scenarios usually limits an organization from reflecting on mechanisms of holding any asset from the plant. Cost principle should be differentiated in various ways in accordance to the equipments in t he organization (Tsuji & Fujibayashi, 2011). 2 Factoring is an important approach in every organization cash flow spheres. Company management can opt to sell all its accounts receivable to the third party at a discounted manner for the sake of exchanging money. The third party in this case is usually any financial institution or bank. The third party which purchases all accounts receivable has to remain significant and resourceful in order for all the transactions to be viable and beneficial. Receivable factoring has been posited as a simple commercial financing (Khazeh & Winder, 2006). When a company chooses a given option the management needs to articulate on analysis of the important factor. There are various factors that should be reviewed routinely accounts receivables. Accounts receivable needs to articulate on measures on how a company can convert cash on hand. Most business entrepreneurs have business ideas that turn accounts receivables into cash (Khazeh & Winder, 2006). Th ere are various types of reasons through which company implements receivables in its accounting books. Therefore, it is usually looked as an effective asset to investors and investors. Organizations articulate on ways through which accounts receivables can be converted into cash without causing problems to business progress. Organizations have been articulating on various types of conversion that are used for implemented balance sheet. Managers in these organizations always analyze receivables in comparison with small business owners (Khazeh & Winder, 2006). 3 A contingent liability has been a potential liability, and it wholly depends on a future event that occurs. In accounting and finance, a contingent liability and loss are usually recorded through the use of journal entry approach especially where contingency is estimated and probable. There are three examples of contingent liabilities known as the lawsuits that are filed against a company, warranty of the organization and guar antee of another party’s loan (Colquitt, McCullough & Sommer, 2011). Circumstances whereby a liability and also related contingency are possible (not probable) a journal entry for the event is usually not required. Disclosure is not required in this case scenario. In approaches whereby a contingent liability has been proved to be remote, both the disclosure and the journal are not required in the accounting activity. A

Final Hypothesis of Exercise and Weight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final Hypothesis of Exercise and Weight - Essay Example Past studies indicates that when one is engaged in regular physical exercise then the weight is likely to be moderate. This is because of the increased metabolic reaction that improves the respiratory processes in the body and makes a lower weight individual to gain gradually to some limit and burn excess fats in a person with much weight to slim down to some moderate weight. This simply means that exercise and ideal weight are directly positively correlated. The choice of Exercise as the independent variable and weight as the dependent variable is based on the relative influence they have on each other regarding the physical health status in an individual through the weight measure of a person (Gedatus, 2001). These two variables have been realized to be the most appropriate towards the risk of obesity and other weight related disorders. The main assumptions regarding the relation ship between these two variables are explained below. There is a steady response of state of the heartb eat rate with changes in exercise workload. It is also worth to note that it is assumed that there is a linear relationship between rate of respiration, heartbeat rate and exercise workload. ... People who undertake less physical activities may undergo less respiratory processes whereas people who undertake more physical work undergo more respiratory processes. In other words, people who undertake less physical activities may gain more weight than others. In short, exercise workload, respiratory processes and obesity have direct links between each other. Obese people are at increased risk of respiratory symptoms, such as breathlessness, particularly during exercise, even if they have no obvious respiratory illness Obesity has a clear potential to have a direct effect on respiratory well-being, since it increases oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, while at the same time it stiffens the respiratory system and increases the mechanical work needed for breathing (Salome et al., 2009) Heartbeat rate depends not only to exercise workload but also to the age of the exerciser. In other words, heartbeat rates of a younger man during exercise will be more than the heartb eat rates of an older man who is experiencing the same exercise workload (See appendix 2 for more details). Moreover, heartbeat rate calculation formula for women and men are different. The maximum heartbeat rate of a woman can be calculated using the formula 226-age whereas that of a man will be 220-age (Heart Rate Chart, 2009). It is evident from the above formulas that heartbeat rates of women will be more than that of men during exercising. Measurement of heartbeat rates, before, after and during physical exercise will give a proper idea about the fitness level of a person. For normal persons, heartbeat rates return to normal state quickly after the exercise workload whereas for others it may not come back to the normal state quickly. Linear relationship between

Holden Australia Essay Example for Free

Holden Australia Essay 1. Management Decision Problem 1.1 Background Holden is an Australian company which is manufacturing and supply of cars, engines and auto parts. With the vehicle market in good times, the sales of Holden continued to drop even though it received a massive financial supplement of approximately $150 million a year from the Australian government (Coorey, 2013). Moreover, Martin (2013) states that the VF model as a new product cannot alleviate the crisis in the market and influence Holden’s decline 12.5% in 2012 (Appendix 1). In 2013, Holden manufacturing plants suddenly announced that it will cease its production line in Australia in 2017. The main reason is that Holden doesnt have a definite understanding of the consumer preferences and purchase intentions. These problems resulted in the company facing difficulty with their business operation. 1.2 Decision Makers Key Goal Holden should improve their innovation of products to increase their sales volume. 1.3 Management Decision Problem Should Holden is new product be changed? 1.4 Rationale Research Problem The new product of Holden has problems that are different from the real demand of the customer. Successful industrial innovation has three critical factors which are technology push, demand pull, and integrated model (Rothwell, 1992, p. 221).Holdens innovation developments not only dominate product line but also influence on product sale result. When Holden develops new products, it is not based on the customer feedback instead according to the companys product categories and competitors developed product. It leads to setting a vague plan to develop products. As a consequence, some customers may not purchase the innovation vehicle because the products are not needed. 2. Marketing Research Problem 2.1 Marketing Research Problem statement To determine consumer preferences and purchase intentions for the proposed. 2.2 Rationale Research Problem According to Holden Australia, the outlook of vehicles market is positive, but its market share is in decline, some scholars think that Holden is  inability to build quality in innovation may be the main problem that will influence its market share and change consumer purchase behavior. Therefore, Holden should maintain its competitive advantage through decreasing product life cycles, building quality in innovation and investigating perceptions held by Australia customers. Additionally, Holden can identify different variables which may change consumer decision making based on the MRP in order to increase market share and develop new product. 3. Research Objective Problem 3.1 Research objective one To rank how Holden Australia introduces new attractive offers for the customers to increase the sales of the product. (RO1) 3.2 Research objective two To assess Holden Australias new product to satisfy the different customers’ needs. (RO2) 3.3 Research objective three To identify Holden Australia needs to supply target group planning to vehicle market. (RO3) 4. Repertory Test The repertory test is one of the research objectives. It is through the structured qualitative interview (normally one-on-one) that is used to identify the interviewees opinion to the test topic and it is trustworthy. Repertory test also known as Kelly’s Triads or Triad sorts (Wilson, A. M., 2006). In todays society, repertory test analysis is one of the popular techniques for estimating research targets and it is a common method to generate constructs through some targets and participants (Pike, 2005). Furthermore, the repertory test has other benefits which are help researchers to understand the opinion of the respondents more conveniently and effectively and distinguished the detail could be more identify etc.. However, the repertory test also has a couple of disadvantages including taking more time for analysis and lack of standard of test. In this case, Repertory test can be used in research to identify how Holden attracts customers to purchase. There are two key points t o help Holden attract clients. First of all, the repertory test will be used on the Ro1. The company can use this test to understand the clients psychological state. According to appendix 2, car customers ranking shows Holdens score is -3%. In contrast, Japanese cars with a positive score come out top. Holden really  need to understand the Australian consumer buying behavior or psychological motivations, and which marketing method is the most attractive to Australian consumer. Secondly, it can also use this test on the Ro2. The aim of RO2 is to satisfy the customer different needs, so the test can be used to identify what the customers’ real demand about the existing car or new product is. For example, quality and safety are important factors for Australia consumers buying a new car (Appendix 3). Therefore, Holden can analyze the competitive strengths and weaknesses, and then improve their products. This will improve their sale status. 5. Focus Group The focus group is the mostly widely used in qualitative tools. A focus group discussion is to collect data through a group (8 to 10 participants) interaction and a moderator. The main objective of a focus group is to get in depth answers of consumers, and understand consumer attitudes and behavior on its products (Warren, C. A. B., Karner, T. X., 2010). The group participants are selected carefully and discussions based on their experiences and views. In addition, researchers or clients can use one –way mirrors to observe participants’ opinions and behaviors. Moreover, focus groups can be an early stage to reduce problem as a filter. The advantages of focus groups are freedom, comfortable, high involvement, and commonality experience. For example, if participants have similar experiences and attitudes as others, they will have higher willingness to discuss the topic with other group members. Therefore, researchers not only can involve participants efficiently, but als o can stimulate discussion of the topic. However, there still are some disadvantages of focus groups, including misuse, misjudge, moderation, messy and misrepresentation. For example, when participants have difficulties in presenting their opinions it will cause the discussion to fail. In this case, the focus groups can be used for research objective three. Researchers of Holden Australia should make up a target group in order to investigate consumer attitudes and behaviors. The main goal is to increase Holden’s market share through consumer trends. There are three main topics to increase market share and maintain competitive advantages. Firstly, Holden should build quality in its new product in order to satisfy consumer demands. For example, safety is very  important for majority consumer (Appendix 3). The second topic is to focus on price, when consumers who focus on cost will change their purchase behavior (Ahmed, M., Zaman, F. Irfan ,M. S., 2013). For example, Holden can provide promotional program to attract consumers. The last one is that Holden’ sales services are a very important stage to increasing costumer’s willingnes s to purchase again. Reference Colquhoun, S. Blackbur, B. (2010, August 3). Ford, Holden fail satisfaction survey. Drive. Retrieved from http://www.drive.com.au/motor-news/ford-holden-fail-satisfaction-survey-20100803-114hk.html Coorey, P. (2013, December 11). Government’s treatment of Holden was bizarre. Financial Review. Retrieved from http://www.afr.com/p/national/government_treatment_of_holden_was_QwElLu2O3lse6cNIradzzI Martin, T. (2013, November 8). Market Insight: Holden hopes rise with VF sales. Market Insight company news. Retrieved from http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/34C9E821132DC201CA257C1D0005E329#!prettyPhoto Masoom Ahmed, Fazluz Zaman, Munshi Shamsuzzaman Irfan. (2013). Consumers brand choice behavior for car. Kuwait Chapter of the Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 2(5), 198 Pike, S. (2005). The use of repertory grid analysis and importance-performance analysis to identify determinant attributes of universities. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 14( 2), 1-18. Rothwell, R. (1992). Successful industrial innovation: Critical factors for the 1990s. RD Management, 22(3), 221-240. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1992.tb00812.x Warren, C. A. B., Karner, T. X. (2010). Discovering qualitative methods: Field research, interviews, and analysis. New York: Oxford University Press. Wilson, A. M. (2006). Marketing research: An integrated approach. New York: Prentice Hall/Financial Times.

Story Titled The Kidnapping English Literature Essay

Story Titled The Kidnapping English Literature Essay It was a wonderful morning. There were bees buzzing outside the yard and birds chirping while looking for food on the paths. Across the street, Old Misses Ling as usual was taking her pet, sniffles for a walk. She was a friendly old lady where everyone was fond of her and even called her an amiable person. Most of the neighbourhood will seek her to baby sit their children as she was very fond of kids. Through the window of my bedroom, I apparently could observe my neighbours mornings duties. Some people grieve in their mornings because of their boring life, same old routine and extra duties. Young children get on their buses waving goodbyes to their parents with their lunch pack in their hands. Those innocent days of mine had passed. I am a fully grown up as a 20 year old teenager in my own opinion but my mother stills call me her little sweetie. She was the only relative I have with my younger brother, Stanley after my father passed away in a car accident when I was 12 years old. I was matured enough to know that he will never come back to us again. I heard it was a homicide but the murderer was never revealed. My mother had a rough time when my dad passed away. She was very stress and uptight with her being a single parent and helping to run errands, taking care of us, and attending interrogations in the police department. We could barely make ends meet for 5 years. Now my mother got a steady job as a clerk in a lawyers firm. Busy but well paid I assumed because she never complained. We were under the familys protection programme for a year as being ordered by the chief police. He proclaimed that we might be attacked for some sort of reason. My mom found it ridiculous. Af ter years of searching my dads killer, we finally put it at rest. My mom thought it was for the best for us that we should stop howling on the past. I put on my snickers and ran downstairs. The smell of coffee and peanut butter ran across my nose. I jump a few step of stairs forward to reach the floor in my living room. My mom was holding a cup of coffee in her hands while speaking on the phone huskily. I never talked about her work at a lawyers firm because I assumed it was boring. She gave me a look while pointing to the food on the table to indicate that I should be having my breakfast. I gave a smirk because I was on a diet. As I was a cheerleader, it is essential to maintain fitness. My brother on the hand was playing with his food in his bowl of cornflakes. He was still a little boy who needs me to keep in straight but I love him. Even though he does get on my nerves, I will still care for him. I walked towards him and kissed his head and grab bits of cornflakes from his bowl and he started yelling. I enjoyed it because it gave me the sense of home. I grabbed my school bag and wave to my mom. It was 6.45am and I had to hurry of to school. Today is a big day because we are going to recruit new members for our cheerleading group. It was junior year recruitment and everyone was talking about it. It was time for us seniors to retire. I was walking beside the road paths when I remembered that I needed to wear my necklace which represents sister hood among the cheerleader members. The road was clear and it was quiet. Everyone must have gone to work by now. I digged the necklace from my bag and put it around my neck. It was 2 kilometres away from my house already. Out of a sudden, I heard a screeching sound of a car from behind. It was zooming fast behind me. It was a black mustang. Before I could avoid it, it stopped in a sudden manner and was forced into the car buy two man. I shouted but was helpless. Two of them were white and wore sporty clothes. Both of them looked like mafias. I was covered with a cloth on my mouth and I felt so weak. I tried to struggle but the chlorofoam was too intense. It seem to seep into my nostrils and mouth. It made me awfully drowsy. It was already taking reaction on my nerves and my brain. I fell to a deep sleep after smelling the chluorofoam from the cloth. All I could felt was the car moving fast forward and a tight grab from the kidnapper in the car. After two hours of deep sleep, I woke up. My heart was pumping really fast. I felt deadly cold. I knew it was probably the end of my life. I saw myself tied up to a chair. I couldnt move my body except my head. My mouth was sticked with a strong hold Sellotape. I wanted to scream but I couldnt. Tears started to run down my face. I tried to keep calm. God is all I could count on. I looked at my surroundings. It seems to be a run down garage. There were lots of car tools which I dont know their functions. I see bottles of kerosene and some car parts. Windows were high up on the ceiling. The wooden floor reeds and I was starting to panic. I heard laughs from outside the garage. It had two distinct voices. The door of the garage opened. One man in his mid 30s walked in with a cruel smile. There were scars on his lips. He was wearing white pants and black shirts with French writing. He was speaking French with his friend followed behind him. His friend was shorter and looked timid. He had bristle hair. They were speaking French, thinking that I would not understand a word. It was clear and they wanted to decide ways to torture me. I wanted to get up and escape so desperately but it was impossible. My hands were tied and it hurts. The brutal guy took a chair and sat in front of me. He looked like a savage guy who would do anything for power. He had nothing but fiery eyes. He looked at me coldly and said Nicole, we both know that you cant run till you give us the chip. We watched you and your family every single day. We knew your dad. You dont even have a single clue that killed your so called heroic dad. My face changed. The thought of my dad suddenly flashed in my mind. They must have knew something and hid away from us. I was furious and puzzled. Your dad was a brilliant guy. He invented a chip that was capable to conquer the world. It had important information of nuclear weapons which will cause massive destructions to the world. He was going to give the chip to the Alias Cooperation. We could not have that happen. We offered millions of US dollars to get the chip from your dad. He was making the wrong decision and the biggest mistake of his life. He was a fool to reject us. One day, he was driving home from work Bom! , we caught him, living him dead. He thinks he cannot get away easily, but with Zachariah around, he cannot even hide. My eyes were blurry. I was so mad that they took away my dead for a small chip. I wanted to hear no more. All those years without my dad were a total darkness to my family. I felt so sad that I hope that they will end me too because I missed my dad so much. The guy went on laughing. He gave me the feeling that my world will be haunted by him. He came near me and looked into my eyes and told me I better get the chip for them or I will share the same fate as my dad. I did know anything about the chip and I didnt know my dad could invent the chip. I told them. The timid guy grabs my neck and whispered in my ear while saying give us the chip and we will let you loose. The sellotape was taken off from my mouth and I started to scream. One of them put a knife on my throat and stuffed my mouth with a cloth. He threatened me that he will cut my throat if I made noises. In a second, another guy enters the garage. This time was a completely different guy. He is dressed all white and a golden watch on his wrist. He was escorted by two of his body guards dressed in dark suits. He seems to be the boss around here because there was completely silence. He was around his mid 50s with the wrinkles on his face and his body build. He ordered the two guys around me to stop hurting me. He sat in front of me smoking a cigar and told me to calm down. He took a phone and dialled numbers and told me to tell my mom to bring the chip over. He put the phone at my ear. When I heard my mom on the phone, she was crying and knew that I was being kidnapped by assuming that I didnt attend school. I told her to find the chip. Before I could continue my sentence, the guy took th e phone and ordered my mom to get the chip within 48 hours. Then he put down the phone. There was complete silence. His assistance seems to have fear towards him. He walked around me and gave me a devils smile. I closed my eyes and comfort myself that it is just a nightmare. The man said: This is not a dream, Nicole! You better hope your mom finds the chip within 48 hours and hand it over to us. I looked at him with disgust and told him even if we had the chip, we wont hand it to him either. He went out of the garage escorted by his two body guards. The other two guys left with him. I was left alone in the dark. Droplets of sweat ran down my head and neck. When it was midnight, it was so cold. My nose went red and felt froze. I knew I had to escape by all means. Before I find a tool to untie the ropes, I heard chaos outside the garage. There were gunshots and I heard sirens. I had a great feeling about it and relieved too. There were two policeman and rescue squad who barged into the garage with snipers and short guns. I saw the two bad kidnappers were lying on the ground with their hands up. The policeman untied me and pulled of the selotape on my mouth. A guy came in with my mom. I was puzzled because he was one of the body guards who escorted the accomplice just now. He reassured me that it was safe then. My mom hugged me and was terrified with her face expressions. She touched my face and told them everything was going to be alright. The guy beside her introduced himself as Allen. He explained that he was under cover in Zachariah association for years to mad e sure no one would lay hands on the chip and my family. He was with the Alias government. He looked at my bracelet and told me my dad put the chip in my bracelet given to me on my 8th birthday. The chip was inserting in the love heart shape attached to my bracelet. I took the bracelet and gave it to Allen. It would be better to be kept with the Alias government. He told us that the Zachariah association was a highly criminal association. They were active for years but they always get covered for their crime by corruption and murdering. They kept quiet for years after murdering my dad because it involved the US government and US military which was a serious crime. My mom was so confused and did not realised all those years my dad was a scientist in the Alias government. He was a businessman all along. Allen has finally got prove to put the Zachariah association under serious criminal punishment. He thanked us for cooperation. It was an awful day which exposed all the truth about my dad. We were sent to the hospital in an ambulans escorted by the policemen and a troop of soldiers. I needed to be admitted to the hospital for several days. Even though, I was sad about the loss of my dad, but I was proud of him serving fro the country with bravery, honesty, loyalty and integrity.

Elvis Pressley Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My research was done on Elvis Aron Pressley. Elvis had many accomplishments in many different fields. He was a great Rock And Roll musician. Also he was a musician in the Country and Gospel fields. He made many contributions to the rock and roll community. Elvis also had a great screenplay career. He revolutionized the movie making industry as well as the music industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elvis grew up into a common laid back family. Elvis Aron Presley was born on January 8th 1935. He later changed his middle name to Aaron the more common way to spell that name. His parents were Vernon and Gladys Presley. He was born into a two-room house in Tupelo Mississippi. He also had a stillborn brother named Jessie Garon. Jessie would have been the identical twin brother of Elvis. This left Elvis to be the only child for Vernon and Gladys Presley. Elvis started his singing career early. In 1945 his voice was first recognized when he got second place in a talent contest. In 1948 Elvis, Vernon, and Gladys moved to Memphis Tennessee. Five years after they moved to Memphis, Elvis graduated from Humes High School. Elvis had many plans made for his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His musical career was to soon take off like a rocket. In the same year he graduated he also got a record deal with the legendary Sun Records in Memphis Tennessee. Soon after he records his first album with Sun Records his single â€Å"That’s All Right† was released. The first d. j. to play the single was Dewey Philips. Elvis was quickly becoming a superstar and was too much for Sun Records to handle all the business.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Soon after his single was recognized to be a hit, Elvis knew he must get a new label. RCA Victor soon signed Elvis in 1955, when he was only 20 years old. One year later he was an international superstar. People around the world were beginning to recognize the greatness of Elvis Presley. In 1956, Elvis made his network television debut with the first of his six appearances on Stage Show, a weekly variety program hosted by Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey. Everyone was starting to see how big Elvis was going to be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elvis soon started to sell more and more records. Elvis soon records the song â€Å"Heartbreak Hotel†. This is his first single to go gold. Elvis would get many more platinum and gold re... ...ame, is located on historic Beale Street in Memphis, TN. Elvis Presley's Heartbreak Hotel is a fashionable boutique hotel that takes its cues from the legendary hospitality and personal style for which the King of Rock & Roll was known. Elvis also has a wedding chapel named Graceland, which resides in Las Vegas Nevada. Elvis is also commemorated on many stamps. His first stamp was published on his birthday in 1993. The USPS printed 500 million of them, three times the usual print run for a commemorative stamp. He also has more then 200 different styles of stamps in which he is commemorated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All-in-all Elvis’s career was long and productive. He has sold more records then anyone else ever has. He had many gold and multi-platinum records. Starred in many movies and made a lot of television appearances. Elvis has made his imprint on the American history in many ways. He will always be remembered as â€Å"The King†. Almost everyone in the Rock And Roll industry owe their careers to Elvis Aaron Pressley.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

English Renaissance Drama Essay

English Renaissance drama grew out of the established Medieval tradition of the mystery and morality plays. These public spectacles focused on religious subjects and were generally enacted by either choristers and monks, or a town’s tradesmen (as later seen lovingly memorialized by Shakespeare’s ‘mechanicals’ in A Midsummer Night’s Dream). At the end of the fifteenth century, a new type of play appeared. These short plays and revels were performed at noble households and at court, especially at holiday times. These short entertainments, called â€Å"Interludes†, started the move away from the didactic nature of the earlier plays toward purely secular plays, and often added more comedy than was present in the medieval predecessors. Since most of these holiday revels were not documented and play texts have disappeared and been destroyed, the actual dating of the transition is difficult. The first extant purely secular play, Henry Medwall’s Fulgens and Lucres, was performed at the household of Cardinal Morton, where the young Thomas More was serving as a page. Early Tudor interludes soon grew more elaborate, incorporating music and dance, and some, especially those by John Heywood, were heavily influenced by French farce. Not only were plays shifting emphasis from teaching to entertaining, they were also slowly changing focus from the religious towards the political. John Skelton’s Magnyfycence (1515), for example, while on the face of it resembling the medieval allegory plays with its characters of Virtues and Vices, was a political satire against Cardinal Wolsey. Magnyfycence was so incendiary that Skelton had to move into the sanctuary of Westminster to escape the wrath of Wolsey. The first history plays were written in the 1530’s, the most notable of which was John Bale’s King Johan. While it considered matters of morality and religion, these were handled in the light of the Reformation. These plays set the precedent of presenting history in the dramatic medium and laid the foundation for what would later be elevated by Marlowe and Shakespeare into the English History Play, or Chronicle Play, in the latter part of the century. Not only was the Reformation taking hold in England, but the winds of Classical Humanism were sweeping in from the Continent. Interest grew in the classics and the plays of classical antiquity, especially in the universities. Latin texts were being â€Å"Englysshed† and latin poetry and plays began to be adapted into English plays. In 1553, a schoolmaster named Nicholas Udall wrote an English comedy titled â€Å"Ralph Roister Doister† based on the traditional Latin comedies of Plautus and Terence. The play was the first to introduce the Latin character type miles gloriosus (â€Å"braggart soldier†) into English plays, honed to perfection later by Shakespeare in the character of Falstaff. Around the same time at Cambridge, the comedy â€Å"Gammer Gurton’s Needle†, possibly by William Stevens of Christ’s College, was amusing the students. It paid closer attention to the structure of the Latin plays and was the first to adopt the five-act division. Writers were also developing English tragedies for the first time, influenced by Greek and Latin writers. Among the first forays into English tragedy were Richard Edwards’ Damon and Pythias (1564) and John Pickering’s New Interlude of Vice Containing the History of Horestes (1567). The most influential writer of classical tragedies, however, was the Roman playwright Seneca, whose works were translated into English by Jasper Heywood, son of playwright John Heywood, in 1589. Seneca’s plays incorporated rhetorical speeches, blood and violence, and often ghosts; components which were to figure prominently in both Elizabethan and Jacobean drama. The first prominent English tragedy in the Senecan mould was Gorboduc (1561), written by two lawyers, Thomas Sackville and Thomas Norton, at the Inns of Court (schools of law). Apart from following Senecan conventions and structure, the play is most important as the first English play to be in blank verse. Blank verse, non-rhyming lines in iambic pentameter, was introduced into English literature by sonneteers Wyatt and Surrey in the 1530’s. Its use in a work of dramatic literature paved the way for â€Å"Marlowe’s mighty line† and the exquisite poetry of Shakespeare’s dramatic verse. With a new ruler on the throne, Queen Elizabeth I, who enjoyed and encouraged the theatrical arts, the stage was set for the body of dramatic  literature we today call Elizabethan Drama. The Social and Political Climate In 1600, the city of London had a population of 245,000 people, twice the size of Paris or Amsterdam. Playwriting was the least personal form of writing, but clearly the most profitable for literary men since the demand was so great: 15,000 people attended the playhouses weekly. What is often exploited in the plays is the tension between a Court culture and a commercial culture, which in turn reflected the tension between the City government and the Crown. The period from 1576 (date of the first public theatre in London) to 1642 (date that the Puritans closed the theatres) is unparalleled in its output and quality of literature in English. The monarchy rested on two claims: that it was of divine origin and that it governed by consent of the people. The period was one of great transition. This period of history is generally regarded as the English Renaissance, which took place approximately 100 years later than on the continent. The period also coincides with the Reformation, and the two eras are of course mutually related. Imposed upon the Elizabethans was a social hierarchy of order and degree—very much medieval concepts that existed more in form than in substance. The society of Shakespeare’s time had in many ways broken free of these rigidities. It was not that people were rejecting the past; rather, a new more rigid order was replacing the old. This was set into motion during Henry VIII’s reign in the 1530s when he assumed more power than had hitherto been known to the monarchy. The Act of Supremacy of 1534 gave to Henry the power of the Church as well as temporal power. By Shakespeare’s time the state had asserted its right in attempting to gain authority in secular and spiritual matters alike. The so-called â€Å"Tudor myth† had sought to justify actions by the crown, and selections for the monarchy, as God-sanctioned: to thwart those decisions was to sin, because these people were selected by God. The population of the City quadrupled from Henry VIII’s reign to the end of Shakespeare’s life (1616), thus adding to the necessity for civil control and law. The dissolution of the monasteries had caused much civil unrest, and the dispossessed monks and nuns had been forced to enter the work force. Thus the employment, or unemployment, problem was severe. Puritanism, which first emerged early in Elizabeth’s reign, was a minority force of churchmen, Members of Parliament, and others who felt that the Anglican Reformation had stopped short of its goal. Puritans used the Bible as a guide to conduct, not simply to faith, but to political and social life, and since they could read it in their own language, it took on for them a greater importance than it had ever held. They stressed particularly the idea of remembering the Sabbath day. The conflict between the Puritans and the â€Å"players† of the theatre—who performed for the larger crowds that would turn out for productions on the Sabbath—was established early. The Elizabethan Worldview The English Renaissance began with the importation of Italian art and philosophy, Humanism, during the reign of Henry VIII. Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, imported and translated classical writings, such as Virgil’s Aeneid, the first English work to use Blank Verse. Surrey and Sir Thomas Wyatt in their sonnets also imitated classical writers such as Petrarch, and are credited as â€Å"Fathers of the English Sonnet.† While the â€Å"Great Chain of Being† (an idea suggested from antiquity; all that exists is in a created order, from the lowest possible grade to perfection, God Himself) was still asserted, the opposite, the reality of disorder, was just as prevalent. Not surprisingly, a favorite metaphor in Shakespeare’s works is the world upside down, much as Hamlet presents. The analogical mode was the prevailing intellectual concept for the era, which was inherited from the Middle Ages: the analogical habit of mind, with its correspondences, hierarchies, and microcosmic-macrocosmic relationships,  survived from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Levels of existence, including human and cosmic, were habitually correlated, and correspondences and resemblances were perceived everywhere. Man was a mediator between himself and the universe. An â€Å"analogy of being† likened man to God; however, the Reformation sought to change this view, emphasizing man’s fallen nature and darkness of reason. The analogy can be seen in the London theatre, correlating the disparate planes of earth (the stage), hell (the cellarage), and heaven (the â€Å"heavens,† projecting above the top of the stage). Degree, priority, and place were afforded all elements, depending on their distance from perfection, God. Because he possessed both soul and body, man had a unique place in the chain—the extremes of human potential are everywhere evident in the drama of the English Renaissance. Natural degeneration, in contrast to our optimistic idea of progress, was everywhere in evidence too—the primitive Edenic â€Å"golden age† was irrecoverable, and the predicted end of the world was imminent. With changes in the ways that man looked at his universe, disturbing discoveries suggested mutability and corruption: the terrifying effect of new stars, comets, etc., added to a pessimism that anticipated signs of decay as apocalyptic portents of approaching universal dissolution. Hierarchically, the human soul was threefold: the highest, or rational soul, which man on earth possessed uniquely; the sensual, or appetitive soul, which man shared with lower animals; and the lowest, or vegetative (vegetable; nutritive) soul, concerned mainly with reproduction and growth. The soul was facilitated in its work by the body’s three main organs, liver, heart, and brain: the liver served the soul’s vegetal, the heart its vital, and the brain its animal faculties—motive, principal virtues, etc. Man himself was formed by a natural combination of the four elements: the dull elements of earth and water—both tending to fall to the center of the universe—and air and fire—both tending to rise. When the elements mixed they shaped man’s temperament. Each element possessed two of the four primary qualities which combined into a â€Å"humour† or human temperament: earth (cold and dry: melancholy), water (cold and moist: phlegmatic); air (hot and  moist: sanguine); fire (hot and dry: choleric). Like his soul and his humours, man’s body possessed cosmic affinities: the brain with the Moon; the liver with the planet Jupiter; the spleen with the planet Saturn. Assigned to each of the stars and the sphere of fixed stars was a hierarchy of incorporeal spirits, angels or daemons. On earth, the fallen angels and Satan, along with such occult forces as witches, continued to tempt man and lead him on to sin. Familiar to Shakespeare and his contemporaries were the Aristotelian four causes: the final cause, or purpose or end for which a change is made; the efficient cause, or that by which some change is made; the material cause, or that in which a change is made; and formal cause, or that into which something is changed. Renaissance concern with causation may be seen in Polonius’ laboring of the efficient â€Å"cause† of Hamlet’s madness, â€Å"For this effect defective comes by cause† (2.2.101-03). In the Aristotelian view, change involves a unity between potential matter and actualized form. Change is thus a process of becoming, affected by a cause which acts determinately towards a goal to produce a result. Implicit in the Elizabethan worldview was the Aristotelian idea of causation as encompassing potentiality and act, matter and mind. The London dramatist’s pre-Cartesian universe, indeed, tended to retain a sense of the purposefulness of natural objects and their place in the divine scheme. Towards the mid-seventeenth century a major cleft between the medieval-Renaissance world-view and the modern world view took place, effected by Renee Descartes (1596-1650). Cartesian dualism separated off mind from matter, and soul from body—not a new idea, but reformulated so that the theologians’ doctrines became the philosophers’; the problems of Predestination were suddenly the problems of Determinism. For Descartes, all nature was to be explained as either thought or extension; hence, the mind became a purely thinking substance, the body a soulless mechanical system. Descartes’ philosophy held that one can know only one’s  own clear and distinct ideas. Objects are important only insofar as man brings his own judgments to bear upon them. Cartesian skepticism and subjectivism led to the rejection of the previous centuries’ Aristotelian perspectives, as meaningless or obscure. According to Aristotle, to know the cause of things was to know their nature. For the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, objects influenced each other through mutual affinities and antipathies. Elizabethans accepted the correspondences of sympathies and antipathies in nature, including a homeopathic notion that â€Å"like cures like.† Well into the seventeenth century, alchemical, hermetical, astrological, and other pre-scientific beliefs continued to exert, even on the minds of distinguished scientists, a discernible influence. Concerned with the need to believe, in an age of incipient doubt, theatre audiences often witnessed in tragedies such struggles to sustain belief: Hamlet has a need to trust the Ghost; Lear has a wracked concern for heavenly powers; and Othello feels a desperate necessity to preserve his belief in Desdemona—†when I love thee not, / Chaos is come again† (3.3.92-3). For Othello and Lear, belief is sanity. Theologically, in the later sixteenth century, divine providence seemed increasingly to be questioned, or at least to be regarded as more bafflingly inscrutable. The medieval sense of security was in a process of transformation. Those changes coincided with such circumstances as the Renaissance revival of Epicureanism, which stressed the indifference of the powers above to man’s concerns. In its place was a special personal power, which was emphasized in the works of Machiavelli (1469-1527) and other Renaissance writers. Such changes in the relations of man and his deity inevitably provided a climate for tragedy, wherein both divine justice (as in King Lear) and meaningful action (as in Hamlet) seemed equally unattainable. Lear appears to question the forces above man’s life, and Hamlet the powers beyond his death. Hamlet’s task is further complicated, for example, by his meaningless  quest for action—from a Reformation standpoint—of works toward salvation. The path to salvation, of great concern to most Elizabethans, was not through works or merit but by inscrutable divine election. The post-Reformation man, alienated from the objective structure of the traditional Church, as well as from the release of the confessional, with a burdened and isolated conscience, turned his guilt inward. The Renaissance epistemological crisis emphasized the notion of the relativity of perception, present in the appearance-versus-reality motif recurrent through Renaissance drama. The Renaissance dramatists’ works mark a transition between absolute natural law bestowed by God, and relativistic natural law, recognized by man. The Playhouses The old Medieval stage of â€Å"place-and-scaffolds,† still in use in Scotland in the early sixteenth century, had fallen into disuse; the kind of temporary stage that was dominant in England about 1575 was the booth stage of the marketplace—a small rectangular stage mounted on trestles or barrels and â€Å"open† in the sense of being surrounded by spectators on three sides. The stage proper of the booth stage generally measured from 15 to 25 ft. in width and from 10 to 15 ft. in depth; its height above the ground averaged a bout 5 ft. 6 in., with extremes ranging as low as 4 ft. and as high as 8 ft.; and it was backed by a cloth-covered booth, usually open at the top, which served as a tiring-house (short for â€Å"attiring house,† where the actors dressed). In the England of 1575 there were two kinds of buildings, designed for functions other than the acting of plays, which were adapted by the players as temporary outdoor playhouses: the animal-baiting rings or â€Å"game houses† (e.g. Bear Garden) and the inns. Presumably, a booth stage was set up against a wall at one side of the yard, with the audience standing in the yard surrounding the stage on three sides. Out of these â€Å"natural† playhouses  grew two major classes of permanent Elizabethan playhouse, â€Å"public† and â€Å"private.† In general, the public playhouses were large outdoor theatres, whereas the private playhouses were smaller indoor theatres. The maximum capacity of a typical public playhouse (e.g., the Swan) was about 3,000 spectators; that of a typical private playhouse (e.g., the Second Blackfriars), about 700 spectators. At the public playhouses the majority of spectators were â€Å"groundlings† who stood in the dirt yard for a penny; the remainder were sitting in galleries and boxes for two pence or more. At the private playhouses all spectators were seated (in pit, galleries, and boxes) and paid sixpence or more. In the beginning, the private playhouses were used exclusively by Boys’ companies, but this distinction disappeared about 1609 when the King’s Men, in residence at the Globe in the summer, began using the Blackfriars in winter. Originally the private playhouses were found only within the City of London (the Paul’s Playhouse, the First and Second Blackfriars), the public playhouses only in the suburbs (the Theatre, the Curtain, the Rose, the Globe, the Fortune, the Red Bull); but this distinction disappeared about 1606 with the opening of the Whitefriars Playhouse to the west of Ludgate. Public-theatre audiences, though socially heterogeneous, were drawn mainly from the lower classes—a situation that has caused modern scholars to refer to the public-theatre audiences as â€Å"popular†; whereas private-theatre audiences tended to consist of gentlemen (those who were university educated) and nobility; â€Å"select† is the word most usually opposed to â€Å"popular† in this respect. James Burbage, father to the famous actor Richard Burbage of Shakespeare’s company, built the first permanent theatre in London, the Theatre, in 1576. He probably merely adapted the form of the baiting-house to theatrical needs. To do so he built a large round structure very much like a baiting-house but with five major innovations in the received form. First, he paved the ring with brick or stone, thus paving the pit into a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"yard.† Second, Burbage erected a stage in the yard—his model was the booth stage of the marketplace, larger than used before, with posts rather than trestles. Third, he erected a permanent tiring-house in place of the booth. Here his chief model was the passage screens of the Tudor domestic hall. They were modified to withstand the weather by the insertion of doors in the doorways. Presumably the tiring-house, as a permanent structure, was inset into the frame of the playhouse rather than, as in the older temporary situation of the booth stage, set up against the frame of a baiting-house. The gallery over the tiring-house (presumably divided into boxes) was capable of serving variously as a â€Å"Lord’s room† for privileged or high-paying spectators, as a music-room, and as a station for the occasional performance of action â€Å"above† as, for example, Juliet’s balcony. Fourth, Burbage built a â€Å"cover† over the rear part of the stage, called â€Å"the Heavens†, supported by posts rising from the yard and surmounted by a â€Å"hut.† And fifth, Burbage added a third gallery to the frame. The theory of origin and development suggested in the preceding accords with our chief pictorial source of information about the Elizabethan stage, the â€Å"De Witt† drawing of the interior of the Swan Playhouse (c. 1596). It seems likely that most of the round public playhouses—specifically, the Theatre (1576), the Swan (1595), the First Globe (1599), the Hope (1614), and the Second Globe (1614)—were of about the same size. The Second Blackfriars Playhouse of 1596 was designed by James Burbage, and he built his playhouse in the upper-story Parliament Chamber of the Upper Frater of the priory. The Parliament Chamber measured 100 ft. in length, but for the playhouse Burbage used only two-thirds of this length. The room in question, after the removal of partitions dividing it into apartments, measured 46 ft. in width and 66 ft. in length. The stage probably measured 29 ft. in width and 18 ft. 6 in. in depth. The Staging Conventions In the private theatres, act-intervals and music between acts were customary from the beginning. A music-room was at first lacking in the public playhouses, since public-theatre performances did not originally employ act-intervals and inter-act music. About 1609, however, after the King’s men had begun performing at the Blackfriars as well as at the Globe, the custom of inter-act music seems to have spread from the private to the public playhouses, and with it apparently came the custom of using one of the tiring-house boxes over the stage as a music-room. The drama was conventional, not realistic: poetry was the most obvious convention, others included asides, soliloquies, boys playing the roles of women, battles (with only a few participants), the daylight convention (many scenes are set at night, though the plays took place in mid-afternoon under the sky), a convention of time (the clock and calendar are used only at the dramatist’s discretion), the convention of â€Å"eavesdropping† (many characters overhear others, which the audience is privy to but the overheard characters are not), and movement from place to place as suggested by the script and the audience’s imagination. Exits were strong, and when everyone departed the stage, a change of scene was indicated. There was relatively little scenery. Scenery was mostly suggestive; for example, one or two trees standing in for a whole forest. The elaborate costumes—for which companies paid a great deal of money—supplied the color and pageantry. Minimal scenery and limited costume changes made the transitions between scenes lightning-fast and kept the story moving. There was often dancing before and after the play—at times, during, like the peasants’ dance in Shakespeare’s Winter’s Tale. Jigs were often given at the end of performances, a custom preserved still today at Shakespeare’s Globe. The jigs at the theatre were not always mere dances, they were sometimes comprised of songs and bawdy knockabout farces filled with commentaries on current events. Perhaps the most famous jig was the one performed by Will Kemp, the clown in Shakespeare’s company, over a nine day period in 1599, on  the road from London to Norwich. It was published in 1600 as Kemps nine daies wonder. After 1600, the bawdy jigs fell into derision and contempt and were only performed at theatres such as the Red Bull, which catered to an audience appreciative of the lowest humor and most violent action. The clowns were the great headliners of the Elizabethan stage prior to the rise of the famed tragedians of the late 1580s, such as Edward (Ned) Alleyn and Richard Burbage. Every company had a top clown along with the tragedianæ ¡ ½hakespeareæŠ ¯ company was no exception: Richard Tarleton was the clown until his death in 1588, Will Kemp was the clown until forced out of the company in 1599, to be replaced by another famous clown, Robin Armin. The clowns not only performed the aforementioned jigs, but also played many of the great comic characters; Kemp most likely played Peter in Romeo and Juliet and Dogberry in Much Ado About Nothing, Armin the parts of Feste in Twelfth Night and the Fool in King Lear. From contemporary documents, we know there were over a thousand actors in England between 1580-1642*. Most were poor, â€Å"starving actors†, but a few dozen were able to make names for themselves and become shareholders in their respective companies, and make a good living. The repertory system was demanding esides playing six days a week, a company would be in continual rehearsal in order to add new plays and to refresh old ones in their schedule. A player would probably learn a new role every week, with thirty to forty roles in his head. No minor feat, especially considering that an actor would only get his lines and cues (in a rolled up parchment, his â€Å"roll†, from which we get the word â€Å"role†), not a whole script! Over a period of three years, a tragedian such as Edward Alleyn, lead player for the Admiral’s Men, would learn not only fifty new parts but also retain twenty or more old roles.

Vehicle Tracking System

Baburao Kodavati, V. K. Raju, S. Srinivasa Rao, A. V. Prabu, T. Appa Rao, Dr. Y. V. Narayana/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www. ijera. com Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 616-625 GSM AND GPS BASED VEHICLE LOCATION AND TRACKING SYSTEM 1 Baburao Kodavati, 2 V. K. Raju, 3S. Srinivasa Rao, 4A. V. Prabu, 5T. Appa Rao, 6 Dr. Y. V. Narayana 1. Asst. Prof in ECE Dept, 2. Asso. Prof in ECE Dept 3. HOD of ECE Dept 4. Lecturar in AE&IE Dept,5.. Asst. Prof in EE Dept. 6. Principal 1,2,&4,5- Gandhi Institute Of Engg & Technology , Gunupur,Rayagada,Orissa-765022,India 3. IACREC,rayagada,Orissa. . TEC, Jonnalagadda(P), Narasaraopet-522601, Guntur(Dist), A. P. ABSTRACT: A vehicle tracking system combines the installation of an electronic device in a vehicle, or fleet of vehicles, with purpose-designed computer software to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location, collecting data in the process. Modern vehicle tracking systems co mmonly use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology for locating the vehicle, but other types of automatic vehicle location technology can also be used. Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software.In the main they are easy to steal, and the average motorist has very little knowledge of what it is all about. To avoid this kind of steal we are going to implement a system it provides more security to the vehicle. Existing System: In the previous system security lock and alarm is implemented in a car. If a burglar can break open the lock, then it becomes easy for the burglar to steal the car. And in old security system if the car is stolen then it is out of the owner control. User doesn’t have any awareness about the current location of the vehicle.The Proposed System: The RF transmitter is attached with the vehicle which has its own identification. This data will be continuously transmitted to the RF receiver connected to the m icrocontroller. This GPS will be location the position of vehicle and transmit that data to the microcontroller. Suppose the RF receiver not receiving signal from the transmitting unit, receiver unit send the signal to the microcontroller, from that we can identify the theft. If the vehicle is theft it automatically sends location of the vehicle to its owner as a SMS through GSM modem.This will be a much simpler and low cost technique compared to others. If a password like SMS is sent by the owner, it automatically stops the vehicle Keywords: Global Positioning System (GPS), RF receiver and transmitter, operations and maintenance center (OMC) and Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK). 1. INTRODUCTION: GSM and GPS based vehicle location and tracking system will provide effective, real time vehicle location, mapping and reporting this information value and adds by improving the level of service provided.A GPS-based vehicle tracking system will inform where your vehicle is and where it has been, how long it has been. The system uses geographic position and time information from the Global Positioning Satellites. The system has an â€Å"OnBoard Module† which resides in the vehicle to be tracked and a â€Å"Base Station† that monitors data from the various vehicles. The On-Board module consists of GPs receiver, a GSM modem www. ijera. com 616 | P a g e Baburao Kodavati, V. K. Raju, S. Srinivasa Rao, A. V. Prabu, T. Appa Rao, Dr. Y. V. Narayana/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www. jera. com Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 616-625 1. 1 Vehicle Tracking System: A vehicle tracking system combines the installation of an electronic device in a vehicle, or fleet of vehicles, with purposedesigned computer software at least at one operational base to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location, collecting data in the process from the field and deliver it to the base of operation. Modern vehicle tracking systems commonly use GPS or GLONASS technology for locating the vehicle, but other types of automatic vehicle location technology can also be used.Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software. Vehicle tracking systems are also popular in consumer vehicles as a theft prevention and retrieval device. Police can simply follow the signal emitted by the tracking system and locate the stolen vehicle. When used as a security system, a Vehicle Tracking System may serve as either an addition to or replacement for a traditional Car alarm. Some vehicle tracking systems make it possible to control vehicle remotely, including block doors or engine in case of emergency.The existence of vehicle tracking device then can be used to reduce the insurance cost. 1. 2 GSM Overview: Special Mobile), Global System for Mobile is the world's most Fig 1. GSM Modem Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network.A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem 2. GSM MODEM: 1. 3 GPS Overview: The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides reliable location and time information in all weather and at all times and anywhere on or near the Earth when and where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver.The GPS project was started in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previous navigation systems, integrating ideas from several predecessor s, including a number of classified engineering design studies from the 1960s. GPS was created and realized by the U. S. Department of Defense (USDOD) and was originally run with 24 satellites. It became fully operational in 1994. both consumers, who may benefit from the ability to roam and switch carriers without replacing phones, and also to network operators, who can choose equipment from many GSM equipment vendors. Communications or GSM (originally from Groupe opular standard for mobile telephone systems. The GSM Association estimates that 80% of the global mobile market uses the standard. [1] GSM is used by over 1. 5 billion people [2] across more than 212 countries and territories. [3] This ubiquity means that subscribers can use their phones throughout the world, enabled by international roaming arrangements between mobile network operators. GSM differs from its predecessor technologies in that both signaling and speech channels are digital, and thus GSM is considered a secon d generation (2G) mobile phone system. The GSM standard has been an advantage to www. jera. com 617 | P a g e Baburao Kodavati, V. K. Raju, S. Srinivasa Rao, A. V. Prabu, T. Appa Rao, Dr. Y. V. Narayana/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www. ijera. com Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 616-625 sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves. The working of GSM modem is based on commands, the commands always start with AT (which means ATtention) and finish with a character. For example, the dialing command is ATD; ATD3314629080; here the dialing command ends with semicolon.The AT commands are given to the GSM modem with the help of PC or controller. The GSM modem is serially interfaced with the controller with the help of MAX 232.. 2. 1 Circuit Diagram: GSM system. To achieve the basic definition of a new system a meeting was held in 1982 under the auspices of the Confer ence of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT). They formed a study group called the Groupe Special Mobile ( GSM ) to study and develop a pan-European public land mobile system. Several basic criteria that the new cellular technology would have to meet were set down for the new GSM system to meet.These included: good subjective speech quality, low terminal and service cost, support for international roaming, ability to support handheld terminals, support for range of new services and facilities, spectral efficiency, and finally ISDN compatibility. With the levels of under-capacity being projected for the analogue systems, this gave a real sense of urgency to the GSM development. Although decisions about the exact nature of the cellular technology were not taken at an early stage, all parties involved had been working toward a digital system. This decision was finally made in February 1987. This gave a variety of advantages.Greater levels of spectral efficiency could be gained, and in addition to this the use of digital circuitry would allow for higher levels of integration in the circuitry. This in turn would result in cheaper handsets with more features. Nevertheless Fig 2. GSM Modem Circuit Diagram significant hurdles still needed to be overcome. For example, many of the methods for encoding the speech within a sufficiently narrow bandwidth needed to be developed, and this posed a significant risk to the project. Nevertheless the GSM system had been started. Global usage:Originally GSM had been planned as a European system.However the first indication that the success of GSM was spreading further a field occurred when the Australian network provider, Telstra signed the GSM Memorandum of Understanding. New approaches: Neither of these approaches proved to be the long-term solution as cellular technology needed to be more efficient. With the experience gained from the NMT system, showing that it was possible to develop a system across national boundaries, and wi th the political situation in Europe lending itself to international cooperation it was decided to develop a new Pan-European System.Furthermore it was realized that economies of scale would bring significant benefits. This was the beginnings of the www. ijera. com 618 | P a g e Baburao Kodavati, V. K. Raju, S. Srinivasa Rao, A. V. Prabu, T. Appa Rao, Dr. Y. V. Narayana/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www. ijera. com Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 616-625 Frequencies:Originally it had been intended that GSM would operate on frequencies in the 900 MHz cellular band. In September 1993, the British operator Mercury One-to-One launched a network.Termed DCS 1800 it operated at frequencies in a new 1800 MHz band. By adopting new frequencies new operators and further competition was introduced into the market apart from allowing additional spectrum to be used and further increasing the overall capacity. This trend was followed in many countries , and soon the term DCS 1800 was dropped in favour of calling it GSM as it was purely the same cellular technology but operating on a different frequency band. In view of the higher frequency used the distances the signals travelled was slightly shorter but this was ompensated for by additional base stations. In the USA as well a portion of spectrum at 1900 MHz was allocated for cellular usage in 1994. The licensing body, the FCC, did not legislate which technology should be used, and accordingly this enabled GSM to gain a foothold in the US market. This system was known as PCS 1900 (Personal Communication System) Fig 3. GSM Network Elements The operations and maintenance center (OMC) is connected to all equipment in the switching system GSM provides recommendations, not and to the BSC. The implementation of OMC is called the operation and support system (OSS).The OSS is the functional entity from which the network operator monitors and controls the system. The purpose of OSS is to offer the customer cost-effective support for centralized, regional, and local operational and maintenance activities that are required for a GSM network. An important function of OSS is to provide a network overview and support the maintenance activities of different operation and maintenance organizations. requirements. The GSM specifications define the functions and interface requirements in detail but do not address the hardware.The reason for this is to limit the designers as little as possible but still to make it possible for the operators to buy equipment from different suppliers. The GSM network is divided into three major systems: the switching system (SS), the base station system (BSS), and the operation and support system (OSS). 3. THE GSM NETWORK: www. ijera. com 619 | P a g e Baburao Kodavati, V. K. Raju, S. Srinivasa Rao, A. V. Prabu, T. Appa Rao, Dr. Y. V. Narayana/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www. ijera. com Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 16-625 SPECIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS FOR GSM The specifications and characteristics for GSM ? frequency band—The frequency range specified for GSM is 1,850 to 1,990 MHz (mobile station to base station). ? duplex distance—The duplex distance is 80 MHz. Duplex distance is the distance between the uplink and downlink frequencies. A channel has two frequencies, 80 MHz apart. ? channel separation—The separation between adjacent carrier frequencies. In GSM, this is 200 kHz. ? modulation—Modulation is the process of sending a signal by changing the characteristics of a carrier frequency.This is done in GSM via Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK). ? transmission rate—GSM is a digital system with an over-the-air bit rate of 270 kbps. ? is used to send the position (Latitude and Longitude) of the vehicle from a remote place. The GPS modem will continuously give the data i. e. the latitude and longitude indicating the position of t he vehicle. The GPS modem gives many parameters as the output, but only the NMEA data coming out is read and displayed on to the LCD. The same data is sent to the mobile at the other end from where the position of the vehicle is demanded.An EEPROM is used to store the mobile number. The hardware interfaces to microcontroller are LCD display, GSM modem and GPS Receiver. The design uses RS-232 protocol modems for serial communication between the and the microcontroller. A serial driver IC is used for converting TTL voltage levels to RS-232 voltage levels. In the main they are easy to steal, and the average motorist has very little knowledge of what it is all about. To avoid this kind of steal we are going to implement this project which provides more security to the vehicle.When the request by user is sent to the number at the modem, the system automatically sends a return reply to that mobile indicating the position of RESULT 4. 1 GSM AND GPS BASED VECHICLE LOCATION AND TRACKING SYST EM Description Present project is designed using 8051 microcontroller in this Project it is proposed to design an embedded system which is used for tracking and positioning of any vehicle by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication (GSM). the vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude from this information we can track our vehicles. 4. APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES 4. . APPLICATIONS ? ? ? Stolen vehicle recovery . Field sevice management. It is used for food delivery and car rental companies. 4. 2 ADVANTAGES: In this project AT89S52 microcontroller is used for interfacing to various hardware peripherals. The current design is an embedded application, which will continuously monitor a moving Vehicle and report the status of the Vehicle on demand. For doing so an AT89S52 microcontroller is interfaced serially to a GSM Modem and GPS Receiver. A GSM modem ? From the remote place we can access the system. ? It provides more security than other system . www. ijera. om 620 | P a g e Baburao Kodavati, V. K. Raju, S. Srinivasa Rao, A. V. Prabu, T. Appa Rao, Dr. Y. V. Narayana/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www. ijera. com Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 616-625 ? By this we can position the vehicle in exact place. [8] Youjing Cui and Shuzhi Sam Ge,†Autonomous vehicle positioning with GPS in urban canyon environments†, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, vol. 19, NO. 1, pp 15-25, February 2003. BOOKS REFFERED Adler, R. B. , A. C. Smith, and R. L. Longani: â€Å"Introduction to Semiconductor Physics,† vol. , p. 78, Semiconductor Electronics Education Comitee, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , New York ,1964. ? Jacob Millman Christos C. Halkias. : â€Å"Electronic Devices And Circuits†, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd. Sep, 2003. ? Schade, O. H. : â€Å"Analysis of Rectifier Operation†, proc. IRE, vol. 31, pp. 341-361, July, 1943. ? Stout, M. B. : â€Å"Analysis of Rectifier Circuits†, Elec. Eng. , vol. 54, September, 1935. ? The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems using Assembly and C by Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie, Rolin D. Mckinlay. ? Wireless communication and netwoking – JonW.Mark and Weihua Zhqung,PHI,2005. ? â€Å"Power Electronics† by M D Singh and K B Khanchandan ? â€Å"Linear Integrated Circuits† by D Roy Choudary & Shail Jain WEBSITES: ? http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sevensegment_display ? http://www. gsm-modem. de/ ? http://www. datasheetsite. com/datasheet/MA X232 ? http://www. rentron. com/rf_remote_control. h tm ? http://www. atmel. com/dyn/resources/prod_d ocuments/doc0401. pdf APPENDIX: SOURCE CODE MAIN SOURCE CODE ? 5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE Vehicle tracking system is becoming increasingly important in large cities and it is more secured than other systems.Now a days vehicle thefting is rapidly increasing , with this we can have a good control in it. The veh icle can be turned off by only with a simple SMS. Since, now a days the cost of the vehicles are increasing they will not step back to offord it. This setup can be made more interactive by adding a display to show some basic information about the vehicle and also add emergency numbers which can be used in case of emergency. Upgrading this setup is very easy which makes it open to future requirements without the need of rebuilding everything from scratch, which also makes it more efficient.JOURNALS REFFERED: [1] MarkoWolf, AndreWeimerskirch, and ThomasWollinger, â€Å"State of the Art: Embedding security in vehicles†, Journal on Embedded Systems, Volume 2007, Article ID 74706. [2] J. -P. Hubaux, S. C Apkun, and J. Luo, â€Å"The security and privacy of smart vehicles,† IEEE Security & Privacy Magazine, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 49–55, 2004. [3] Alison Brown, JacobGriesbach and Bruce Bockius, â€Å"GPS traking location based service using wrist watch GeoZigBee Sensorsâ € , Proceddings of ION NTM, 2007, Som Diego, pp 1-10, December 2007. [4] W. Stallings, â€Å"Cryptography and Network Security†, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA, 4th edition, 2005. 5] Ingrid Verbourwhede, Frank Hoornaert, Joos Vandewalle, Hugo J. Deman â€Å"Security and performance optimization of a new DES†, IEEE Journal on Solid State ciruits, vol. 23, no. 3, pp 647656, 1999. [6] National Institute of Standards & Technology, â€Å"FIPS-46-3: Data Encryption Standard (DES),† October 1977, reaffirmed in October 1999. [7] Sinpyo Hong, Man Hyung Lee, Sun Hong Kwon, and Ho Hwan Chun, â€Å"A Car test for the estimation of GPS/INS alignment errors†, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, VOL. 5, NO. 3, pp 208-218, SEPTEMBER 2004. #include #include†SERIAL. c† #include†LCD. † sbit rf=P2^0; sbit relay=P0^1; sbit motor=P0^0; unsigned char asc,ok[2],r[4],a,n[15],e[15],i,oxoa, a,m[20],j,temp[10],temp1[10]; void cmdwrt_lcd(unsigned char cmd); void serial_transmit(unsigned char *srstr); void command(unsigned char d[]); void serial_tx(unsigned char srda); www. ijera. com 621 | P a g e Baburao Kodavati, V. K. Raju, S. Srinivasa Rao, A. V. Prabu, T. Appa Rao, Dr. Y. V. Narayana/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www. ijera. com Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 616-625 void delay1(); void gps() { do { do { oxoa = serial_rx(); }while(oxoa ! = 0x0A); for(i=0;i